Clean Your Water In Just Seven Simple Steps

Seven simple steps can make water potable, these steps are- Preliminary Treatment, Coagulation, Flocculation, Clarification, Softening and Stabilization, Filtration, Fluoridation and Disinfection. Here we will focus on brief description of all these steps.

Preliminary treatment or pretreatment is a physical, chemical or mechanical process used on water before it undergoes the main treatment process. During preliminary treatment water is passed through a screen to remove objects like rocks, sticks, leaves and other debris from it. Chemicals are added to control the growth of algae and pre-sedimentation settles out sand, grit and gravel from raw water.

After preliminary treatment, the next step is coagulation. Coagulation helps in removing small particles that are made up of microbes, silt and other suspended material in the water. Chemicals such as alum are added to the water and mixed well into the water, then allowed to bond with the salts and other particles to create larger particles known as floc.

Now comes flocculation, in this process the floc settles down at the bottom of the tank. The water is finally passed across a screen having very fine net to remove all the left floc.

Another name of Clarification is Sedimentation. In this process, water is stored in a large tank and left undisturbed for some time. When water is not disturbed for quite a long time, the small suspended particles in water come down at the bottom on tank. These particles go down into sludge of sediment and water above is free from all the contaminants. The sand at the bottom can be removed later on.

When water is too hard, it forms scale and causes a variety of problems in pipes. Hard water also causes laundry and washing problems because it reduces the effectiveness of soaps and detergents. On the other hand, when water is too soft, it causes corrosion in pipes. Softening and stabilization stage helps to maintain a desirable balance between hardness and softness. This is accomplished by removing undesirable minerals from hard water and adding required minerals to soft water.

Next is filtration, this stage removes all the fine particles that are not removed before. The water is allowed to pass through very fine membrane which does not allow any of the particles to go through it. It removes all the microorganisms and tiny particles from water, providing you extremely clean water.

Lastly In fluoridation, fluoride (F-) is added to water. It is an efficient and cost effective process that helps in reducing tooth decay. Fluoride can be used in powder form as well as solution. Disinfection is a process of killing all the harmful organisms from water. Mostly chlorine is used for this purpose. Water is now ready to be packed in bottles or tanks.

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